Two Paths to Self-Realization: Übermensch and Zhenren

Title

Two Paths to Self-Realization: Übermensch and Zhenren

Author

James D. SELLMANN

Page

165-198

DOI

10.6163/tjeas.2014.11(1)165

Abstract

This paper explicates the terms Übermensch and zhenren as different models for achieving self-realization, arguing that Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) and Zhuangzi 莊子 (369?-286 BCE) are not presenting a human ideal of perfectibility. They are describing, and attempting to evoke, a life-affirmative attitude crucial to their understandings of self-realization. After a brief discussion of the meaning of "self-realization," Nietzsche's and Zhuangzi's respective understandings of society and nature are explicated to show how the Übermensch and zhenren differ. Their differences in tone are discussed by examining four shared motifs, namely the mountain tree, the roaring wind, the wanderer, and the thief. Nietzsche's approach entails the exercise of the will to power and some anxiety. Zhuangzi's path is carefree and easy going with a lack of anxiety. They offer two different approaches that can inform our own projects.

Keyword

Zhenren, Übermensch, self-realization, self-actualization, selfovercoming, self-transformation

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